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LYMPHOMA CANCER

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Lymphoma: Types, Causes, and Treatment

Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. It affects a type of white blood cells known as lymphocytes. These help fight disease in the body. They play an important role in the immune system.
As lymphoma is present in the bloodstream, it can spread, or metastasize, to different parts of the body.

Lymphoma can occur at any age, but is one of the most common causes of cancer in children and young adults aged 15 to 24 years. It is often treatable.

Tests and Diagnosis:

There are no routine screenings for lymphoma. If a person has persistent viral symptoms, they should see a doctor.
The doctor will ask about the patient's personal and family medical history, and try to rule out other conditions.
They will also carry out a physical examination, including an inspection of the abdomen and chin, neck, groin, and armpits, where swellings may occur. The doctor will look out for signs of infection near lymph nodes, since this can account for most cases of swelling.
Treatment:
Treatment depends on the type of lymphoma and the stage it has reached. Indolent, or slow-growing lymphoma may need only watchful waiting and no treatment.
If treatment is necessary, it can involve:
·         Biologic therapy: This is a drug treatment that stimulates the immune system to attack the cancer cells by inserting living microorganisms into the body.
·         Antibody therapy: Synthetic antibodies are inserted into the bloodstream to combat the cancer's antigens.
·         Chemotherapy: Aggressive drug treatment is used to kills cancer cells.
·         Radio immunotherapy: This delivers high-powered radioactive doses directly into the cancerous B-cells and T-cells to destroy them.
·         Radiation therapy: This is used to focus on small areas of cancer.
·         Stem-cell transplantation: This can restore damaged bone marrow following high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
·         Steroids: These may be injected to treat lymphoma.
·         Surgery: This can be used to remove the spleen or other organs after the lymphoma has spread.